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Frame relay: Multilink point to point frame relay
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/12_2s/feature/guide/fs_mfr.html Multilink Frame Relay (FRF.16.1) 1. This technology aggregates multiple number of physical serial interfaces into one...
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An introduction to Point-to-Point Protocol
The big picture PPP is a layer 2 WAN technology that is designed to establish connection between two nodes over a variety of network mediums. Features 1. It has built-in error detection. 2. Monitoring...
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Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP)
Purpose To offset the load of edge router in http request. A http request sent by a host is redirected to local content cache engine (aka content engine), content engine will then send the content back...
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Multi Protocol Label Switching basics
MPLS label 1. 32-bit long. 2. First 20 bits for label, second 3 bits for EXP which is used for quality of service, third 1 bit for bottom of the stack, last 8 bits for time to live. 3. Here is the...
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MPLS label
CCIE routing and switching exam certification guide 4th edition, page 831, chapter 19, figure 19-8 has a wrong label on PE2 LSR, the locally assigned label for 10.3.3.0/24 prefix should be 3 instead of...
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MPLS label distribution modes
I have realized the information in MPLS foundamentals is really really good, especially chapter 2, I have read it several times each time I read it cleared previously misinterpreted concepts. The modes...
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MPLS traceroute and MPLS propagation TTL
Area 0 is the MPLS network i.e. m1,m2 and m3 are LSRs. All serial links among the m1,m2 and m3 routers have the same bandwidth, I need mpls trace to test if the mpls is operational as configured....
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MPLS VPN: VRF
MPLS VPN building blocks 1. Virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) – This creates logical routing instance, each virtual instance is separated such that virtual instances to instances are not reachable....
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MPLS Layer 3 VPN
Acknowledgement Without MR.Keith Barker’s 21 minutes video instruction, constructing MPLS VPN lab will take a longer time. His 21 minutes video instruction summarizes all. MR. Keith Barker has amazing...
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MPLS: OSPF sham-links
Introduction The provider’s MPLS cloud has three routers namely – R1 (P-router), R2 (PE-R2) and R3 (PE-R3). These routers formed OSPF adjacency with one another. R2 and R3 are iBGP neighbors peering...
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